Artificial Intelligence Technology in the Field of Modern Forensic Evidence: Brain Fingerprinting as a Model

 By: Dr. Sahar Fouad Majeed

Introduction

BF is considered a new computer-based technology to identify the perpetrator of a crime accurately and scientifically by measuring brain wave responses to words or images related to the crime displayed on a computer screen (Fikri, 2017, p.122; Al-Sayed, 2019, P.290). BF is grounded on the fact that the brain is the focus of all human actions and in the criminal act, there may be or there is not much physical evidence at a crime scene, but the brain is always there, planning, carrying out, and recording the crime (Khadija, 2022, p.10). The importance of the subject lies in its seriousness, the novelty of the issue understudy, the acceptability of evidence resulting from modern technology in criminal evidence in some countries, and the luck or scarcity of studies.

This study is purposed at shedding light on modern scientific evidence, especially BF, in the field of modern criminal proof. BF is considered one of the advanced techniques related to neuroscientific evidence that relies heavily on artificial

intelligence. This is done through magnetic resonance imaging (EEG) of the brain and examining the signals emanating from a person's brain, which are called p300 (Faisal, 2020, p.2; Al-Hani, 2013, P.80).

Methods: The present study relied on the descriptive and comparative analytical approach by examining legal Articles in various countries.

The research question: Can the judge use whatever modern scientific evidence he/she wants, including brain fingerprinting, so as to reach the truth? Or can that. be considered a presumption? Based on that, a clear and frank position must be taken in order to reconcile the use of these methods,

Abstract

Brain Fingerprinting (BF) is one of the modern technologies that rely on artificial intelligence in the field of criminal evidence law. Brain information can be obtained accurately and reliably in criminal procedures without resorting to complex and multiple procedures or questions. It is not embarrassing for a person or even violates his human dignity, as well as gives immediate and accurate results. BF is considered one of the advanced techniques related to neuroscientific evidence that relies heavily on artificial intelligence, through which it is possible to recognize whether the suspect or criminal has information about the crime or not. This is done through Magnetic Resonance Imaging (EEG) of the brain and examining the signals emanating from a person's brain, which are called p300. The BF test does not prove guilt or innocence, but rather it provides information regarding what is stored in a person's memory about the crime, and the judge can use this information when ruling the case.

 تعتبر بصمة الدماغ (BF) إحدى التقنيات الحديثة التي تعتمد على الذكاء الاصطناعي في مجال قانون الأدلة الجنائية. يمكن الحصول على المعلومات الدماغية بدقة وموثوقية في الإجراءات الجنائية دون اللجوء إلى إجراءات أو أسئلة معقدة ومتعددة. لا يشكل حرجاً للإنسان أو حتى ينتهك كرامته الإنسانية، كما يعطي نتائج فورية ودقيقة. ويعتبر BF أحد التقنيات المتقدمة المتعلقة بالأدلة العصبية التي تعتمد بشكل كبير على الذكاء الاصطناعي، حيث يمكن من خلالها التعرف على ما إذا كان المشتبه به أو المجرم لديه معلومات عن الجريمة أم لا. ويتم ذلك من خلال التصوير بالرنين المغناطيسي (EEG) للدماغ وفحص الإشارات الصادرة من دماغ الشخص والتي تسمى p300. ولا يثبت اختبار BF الذنب أو البراءة، بل يقدم معلومات تتعلق بما يتم تخزينه في ذاكرة الشخص عن الجريمة، ويمكن للقاضي استخدام هذه المعلومات عند الحكم في القضية.